CCNU (Lomustine)

Property	Information
Drug Name	CCNU (Lomustine)
FDA Approval	Yes
Used for	Glioblastoma
Clinical Trial Phase	Phase 3 (Germany)
Clinical Trial Explanation	Not specified
Common Side Effects	Hematological toxicity, nausea, vomiting, and pulmonary toxicity
OS without	Not specified
OS with	23 months median survival, with 47% at 2 years
PFS without	Not specified
PFS with	Not specified
Usefulness Rating	4
Usefulness Explanation	Not specified
Toxicity Level	4
Toxicity Explanation	The toxicity level of CCNU is quite high due to several common side effects. Most notably, it can cause hematological toxicity, which means it can damage your blood cells and affect your body's ability to fight infections and clot properly. It can also cause nausea, vomiting, and pulmonary toxicity, which can lead to lung damage. On a scale from 1 to 5, with 5 being the most toxic, CCNU is rated as a 4. However, despite these side effects, the treatment showed promising results in a clinical trial.

Notes: A combination of TMZ with CCNU showed promising results including a 5-year survival rate of 16% among a small patient cohort. MGMT methylation status significantly influenced outcomes.

From Ben Williams Book: A report from Germany combined TMZ with CCNU (lomustine), the nitrosourea component of the PCV combination (52). Patients (N=39) received CCNU on day 1 of each 6-week cycle, and TMZ on days 2-6. Eight patients received intensified doses of both drugs, with somewhat better survival results (but with substantially increased toxicity). For present purposes, the results of all patients are aggregated. Median survival time was 23 months, and survival rates were 47%, 26%, 18%, and 16% at 2, 3, 4, and5 years, respectively. Four of the 39 patients had no recurrence at the 5-year mark. Only 23 of the 39 patients were assessable for the status of the MGMT gene. Those with methylated MGMT had a median survival of 34 months, while those with unmethylated MGMT had a median survival of only 12.5 months.

These results, including a 5-year survival rate of 16%, are among the best yet reported, albeit with a relatively small number of patients. But it also should be appreciated that patients who suffered a recurrence received extensive salvage therapy of various types, which may have contributed substantially to survival time. The addition of CCNU to standard therapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma is currently being tested in a phase 3 trial in Germany.Property "Has original text" (as page type) with input value "A report from Germany combined TMZ with CCNU (lomustine), the nitrosourea</br>component of the PCV combination (52). Patients (N=39) received CCNU on day 1 of</br>each 6-week cycle, and TMZ on days 2-6. Eight patients received intensified doses of</br>both drugs, with somewhat better survival results (but with substantially increased</br>toxicity). For present purposes, the results of all patients are aggregated. Median survival</br>time was 23 months, and survival rates were 47%, 26%, 18%, and 16% at 2, 3, 4, and5</br>years, respectively. Four of the 39 patients had no recurrence at the 5-year mark. Only 23</br>of the 39 patients were assessable for the status of the MGMT gene. Those with</br>methylated MGMT had a median survival of 34 months, while those with unmethylated</br>MGMT had a median survival of only 12.5 months.</br></br>These results, including a 5-year survival rate of 16%, are among the best yet reported,</br>albeit with a relatively small number of patients. But it also should be appreciated that</br>patients who suffered a recurrence received extensive salvage therapy of various types,</br>which may have contributed substantially to survival time. The addition of CCNU to</br>standard therapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma is currently being tested in a phase 3</br>trial in Germany." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

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