]> 2026-04-12T02:22:45-07:00 Chloroquine 0 en Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine are generally well-tolerated when used for glioblastoma treatment. Most studies observed minimal impact on the occurrence of adverse events. This implies that these drugs, especially Chloroquine, carry a low risk of causing harmful side effects or discomfort, therefore they are assigned the lowest toxicity level of 1. 2025-01-18T08:15:46Z 2460693.8442824 Chloroquine 0 [2,"smw-datavalue-wikipage-property-invalid-title","Has original text","Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine\n\nIn a series of studies conducted in Mexico City (23, 24, 25) patients received the\ntraditional chemotherapy agent BCNU, with or without a 150 mg daily dose of\nchloroquine (the equivalent of 250 mg chloroquine phosphate). The results were that\npatients receiving chloroquine had a median survival time of 25-33 months, while those\nreceiving BCNU alone had a median survival time of 11 months. Chloroquine at the dose\nused had no detectable toxicity. Because the cytotoxic mechanism of BCNU is similar to\nthat of Temodar, it seems likely that chloroquine should increase the efficacy of Temodar,\nalthough this has yet to be demonstrated. One of several mechanisms by which\nchloroquine makes chemotherapy more effective is that it inhibits autophagy, an\nintracellular process that involves the cell digesting some of its internal parts to allow\nrepair of the damage caused by the chemotherapy.\n\nDisappointingly, a multi-center phase I\/II trial testing the addition\nof7hydroxychloroquine (which differs from chloroquine only by a single hydroxyl group)\nto standard radiochemotherapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma failed to show any\nimprovement in survival over historical averages. In the phase I safety and toxicity study,\nall 3 subjects given 800 mg\/d hydroxychloroquine along with chemoradiation\nexperienced grade 3 or 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, and 600 mg\/d was\ndetermined to be the maximum tolerated dose. 76 patients were then treated at this dose\nin the phase 2 cohort. Autophagy inhibition (the proposed mechanism of action) was not\nconsistently achieved at that dose, and patient survival (median OS 15.6 months, 2-year\nsurvival of 25%) was not improved relative to historical control groups. The study\nconcluded that hydroxychloroquine was ineffective in this context at the maximum\ntolerated dose (304).\n\nRecent preclinical work (305) has shown increased reliance on autophagy and sensitivity\n\nto chloroquine treatment in EGFR-overexpressing glioma cells, and any future trials with\nchloroquine for high-grade gliomas may benefit from a subgroup analysis based on EGFR\nstatus."] Chloroquine# ERRa3f62c6665776505f0db7c26c19aebf1