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==== Why Does SOC Fail to Prevent Recurrence? ====
* '''Resistance to Treatment:''' GSCs are highly resistant to chemotherapy and radiation. They have efficient DNA repair mechanisms and can remain dormant during treatment, evading the effects of SOC that target rapidly dividing cells.
* '''Microenvironment Protection:''' GSCs reside in protective niches within the tumor microenvironment that shield them from the effects of SOC. These niches provide support and maintain the stem-like qualities of GSCs, promoting their ability to regenerate the tumor.
* '''Tumor Regeneration:''' After treatment, surviving GSCs can regenerate the tumor, often leading to a recurrence that is more aggressive and resistant to further treatment. This cycle is a significant challenge in the management of glioblastoma.